1. Tirohanga

Ko nga surfactants amphoteric e korero ana ki nga roopu hydrophilic cationic me nga roopu hydrophobic anionic i roto i te hanganga ngota, ka taea te whakakii i te wairewa waipiro me te whakaatu i nga ahuatanga o nga ngaru anionic i raro i tetahi waahanga reo, engari i raro i tetahi atu momo ahua Ko te akomanga o nga ngaru Whakaatuhia nga ahuatanga o nga ngarara hukihuki.

Ko te Betaine surfactants amphoteric momo-betaine e pa ana ki te akomanga o nga momo waihanga e rite ana te hanga ki te betaine hua maori. Ko te ingoa matū o te betaine ko te trimethylammonium acetate. He hua maori i kitea e Scheibler (Scheibler C. 1869, Scheibler C. 1870) ka wehea mai i te wai pi pi. I tapaina e Scheibler te betaine beta-in i muri i tona ingoa Latina beta vulgaris.

I te 1876, ka tangohia e Bruhl te kupu betaine me te kii kia tapaina nga kohinga me nga hanganga rite nga hua tuturubetaines", He momo betaine he momo ngaru amphoteric momo-betaine. Ko nga momo Betaine surfactants amphoteric ka taea te wehe ki te momo waikawa carboxylic, te momo waikawa sulphonic, te momo sulfate, te momo sulfite, te momo phosphate, te momo phosphite, te momo waikawa phosphonic me te momo phosphonite kia rite ki te momo waikawa roopu. . I tenei wa, ko nga rangahau a-whare mo nga kaiwhakangungu betaine he tino kaha. I roto i era, ko te momo waikawa karboksilatika, te momo waikawa sulphonic me nga momo momo phosphate kua nui ake te korero.

Ko te nuinga o nga pokapu utu pai o te betaine-momo surfactants amphoteric e tautokohia ana i runga i nga ngota Amonium N quaternary, i te wa e tautokohia ana nga pokapū utu kino ki nga roopu waikawa kino. Ko te rereketanga i waenga i te momo betaine he momo surfactants amphoteric me etahi atu surfactants amphoteric na te mea ko te kaha o te hauota haukinia quaternary i roto i te ngota ngota, kaore e kitea i roto i nga momo anionic surfactants i roto i nga rongoa kawakore. I roto i nga awhe pH rereke, ko te betaine-betact surfactants momo amphoteric ka noho noa i te ahua o te zwitterionic, te cactic surfactants ranei. Na reira, i te rohe isoelectric, ko te betaine surfactants amphoteric kaore i te kaha ki te tino heke o te wairewa pera i era atu ngaru amphoteric me te hauota ngoikore.

Ko nga Betaine surfactants amphoteric momo Betaine he rereke i nga ngaru cationic. Ko etahi o nga kairangahau (Beckett AH 1963) e whakapono ana me whakariterite kia rite ki te "quartnary ammonium salt amphoteric surfactant"; E whakapono ana a Moore CD (1960) me whakariterite hei "kaiwhakangungu tote haukinia quaternary". Kaore i te rerekee i nga ngarara cationic penei i te "surfactants tote ammonium quaternary waho", ka taea te whakamahi i nga momo betactants amphoteric momo betaine hei whakakotahi me nga ngarara anionic kaore e hanga i nga waahanga "hiko kore".

Ko te momo Betaine he momo ngarara amphoteric he mea nui ki nga kaiwhakangungu amphoteric. He pai te hototahi me te anionic, te cationic me te nionic surfactants, he pai nga painga o te synergistic, he ngawari te ahua. He pai nga momo rongoa antistatic, nga momo patu whakamate, nga momo patu patu anticorrosive, he ngawari hoki te koiora. Ka whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te ao matū o ia rā Ma te hohonu o te rangahau, ka whanakehia etahi momo surfactants momo betaine me te whakamahi.

2. Te ahunga whakamua o te rangahau surfactants amphoteric momo betaine

I te timatanga o te tau 1869, ka whakamahi a Liebreich O. i te trimethylamine hei whakarite betaine; i te tau 1937, i puta te purongo tuatahi mo nga ngarara amphoteric i te United Kingdom, ana i te 1940 ko DuPont te ripoata mo te betaine raupapa tuatahi (Betaine) surfactants amphoteric. Mai i taua wa, kua tiimata te rangahau o nga whenua me te whakawhanake i nga ngarara amphoteric tae atu ki nga kohinga betaine. Tuhinga o muasurfaine betaine, te tere o te rangahau i roto i tenei waahanga kei te tere hoki. I nga tau kua taha ake nei, he maha nga hua hou kua whanaketia.

Xu Jinyun et al. rite betaine octadecyl me te octadecyl amine tuatoru, waikawa chloroacetic, me te konutai hauwai hei rauemi mata, me te whakamatautau i tana awangawanga o te mata, nga taonga antistatic, nga taonga emulsifying me etahi atu taonga tono. I whakaritea te betaine turanga. Kua oti i a Zhang Li me etahi atu etahi rangahau mo te matū atanga o tenei kaiwhakawhiwhi, penei i te awangawanga o te mata, te microemulsion me nga taatai ​​hangahanga.

Ko Chen Zonggang me etahi atu i whakautu ki te waikawa stearic me te triethanolamine ki te whakaputa i te stietate triethanolamine, me te whakahaere i te tauwehenga o nga reactants kia nui ake ai te hua o te hua, katahi ka tauhohe ki te quartnization reagent sodium monochloroacetate ki te whakaputa triethanolamine fatty acid ester Betaine. Ka taea te whakamahi i tenei ngaru hei kaihoko ngohengohe mo te taarua me te tae. Ko tona ngohengohe e tata ana ki te hinu silicon amino, tona ma me te kiriatea he pai ake i te hinu silika amino, a he ngawari te heke. He hua e pai ana ki te taiao.

FangYiwen etal. syntheised lauroamidopropyl betaine me N, N-dimethyl N'-lauroyl-1,3-propanediamine me te sodium chloroacetate hei rawa mata. Ko te hua he nui te pupuhi, te whakamarumaru i te pahuka me nga taonga whakatipu. , Te hototahi pai me etahi atu waahanga o te hopi.

Chen Hongling et al. synthesised e rua sulfoimidazolinebetaines te whakamahi i te konutai 2-bromoethyl sulfonate hei taonga papanga hydrophilic me te alkyl imidazoline me te whakamatautau i o raatau tinana me o raatau matū. Ko te whakatakotoranga hanganga e whai ake nei.

Ka whiwhi a Jiang Liubo i te N-lauricamidopropyl-N'-β-hydroxypropylamine sulfobetaine ma te tango i te konutai pūhaumāota mai i te konutai l-chloropropyl-2-hydroxysulfonate me te lauramide dimethylpropylamine na roto i te uruparenga, ia Ko nga tohu hangarau e hangai ana ki nga hua ingoa ingoa kawemai. He ngawari te mahi, he tino pukuriri, he momona me te pahuka pai, he tino pai te aukati wai me te whakahoromata.

Ko te Nonglanping te whakamahi i te dodecanol, epichloresterolin, chloroethanol me dimethylamine hei rauemi mata, me te P2O5 hei reagene phosphorylation, me te ingoa waihanga ko 2- [N- (3-dodecyloxy-2-hydroxy) propyl -N, N-Dimethylammonium] ethyl acid phosphate betaine .

 

Cen Bo et al. wehe ka purea te dehydroabietylamine mai i te amine rosin koretake, ka whakahiatohia ki te N-dehydroabietyl-N na roto i te N, te amine N-dimethyl dehydroabietyl hei taonga matua. Ko te N-dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine me tana pūhaumāota e rua ngā momo surfactants amphoteric betaine hou.

 

Wang Jun et al. i whakahiatohia te momo betaine amphoteric surfactant-dodecyl dimethyl hydroxypropyl sulfobetaine me te epichlorioxidin, te konutai bisulfite me te amine dodecyl tuatoru hei rauemi mata, I aroturukihia nga tikanga urupare.

 

Kua oti i a Henan Dao Chung Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. etahi momo surfactants amphoteric momo betaine hou e mau ana i te anga mekameka polyoxyethylene ma te whakautu i te amine alkyl polyoxyethylene dimethyl terineary amine me te waikawa chloroacetic waikawa chloroethyl sulfuric ranei. Kia mohio ki nga mahi whakangao.

 

Ko nga whenua ke kei tonu i te taumata rangatira i roto i te surfaine betaine, me a raatau mahi rangahau me te whakawhanaketanga e tika ana kia aro nui, kia tohutohungia hoki. Hei tauira, ko Chew, CH, me etahi atu i whakahoahoahia he peera whakahekeheke momo betaine AUDMAA me te acryloyl chloride 1-pyridinedecanol me te waikawa aminoacetic. Ko te kukume o te micelle tino nui i te 24 ℃ ko 9.42 × 10-3mol / L. Ko te kaha whakaohooho polymerization ko 50.2kJ / mol. Furuno Takeshi et al. i whakahiatohia e rua nga momo betaine-momo betaine N, N-hydroxyethyl-N-ethyl fatty acid ester betaine me N- (ester waikawa waikawa) etyl- me te waikawa hinu hinu tarot hei rauemi mata. N, N-bis (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-12-hydroxypropyl) ammonium sulfonate.

 

I nga tau kua taha ake nei, he maha nga whanaketanga whakamiharo i roto i te taha tinana me te matū o surfaine betaine. Hei tauira: YousukeOne, me etahi atu (dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, waikawa waikawa) -dimethyl betaine kaupapa, i tirohia te whanonga dielectric o te otinga micellar o te betaine surfactant. Kaore he aha ki te kukume o nga micelles, me te kaha o te waatea o te otinga surfactant amphoteric ka rereke te rereketanga ki te kukume, he rite ki te aminoglycolato betaine he hangahanga matū betaine engari kaore i te ngaru. Ko nga kitenga e whakaatu ana ko te papanga micelle o te surfactant amphoteric he wa ano dipole rite tonu ki te otinga glycine betaine.